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KMID : 0848120110360030129
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International Journal of Oral Biology
2011 Volume.36 No. 3 p.129 ~ p.134
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S Phase Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis is Induced by Eugenol in G361 Human Melanoma Cells
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Kim Gyoo-Cheon
Choi Byul-Bo-Ra
Shin Sang-Hun
Kim Uk-Kyu
Hong Jin-Woo
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Abstract
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Eugenol is an essential oil found in cloves and cinnamonthat is used widely in perfumes. However, the significantanesthetic and sedative effects of this compound have led to itsuse also in dental procedures. Recently, it was reported thateugenol induces apoptosis in several cancer cell types but themechanism underlying this effect has remained unknown. Inour current study, we examined whether the cytotoxic effectsof eugenol upon human melanoma G361 cells are associatedwith cell cycle arrest and apoptosis using a range of methodsincluding an XTT assay, Hoechst staining, immunocytochemistry,western blotting and flow cytometry. Eugenoltreatment was found to decrease the viability of the G361 cellsin both a time- and dose-dependent manner. The induction ofapoptosis in eugenol-treated G361 cells was confirmed by theappearance of nuclear condensation, the release of bothcytochrome c and AIF into the cytosol, the cleavage of PARPand DFF45, and the downregulation of procaspase-3 and -9.With regard to cell cycle arrest, a time-dependent decrease incyclin A, cyclin D3, cyclin E, cdk2, cdk4, and cdc2 expressionwas observed in the cells after eugenol treatment. Flowcytometry using a FACScan further demonstrated thateugenol induces a cell cycle arrest at S phase. Our resultsthus suggest that the inhibition of G361 cell proliferation byeugenol is the result of an apoptotic response and an S phasearrest that is linked to the decreased expression of key cell cycle-related molecules.
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KEYWORD
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eugenol, human melanoma cell, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis
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